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Intercomparing different devices for the investigation of ice nucleating particles using Snomax® as test substance

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Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine - the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from - Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice - active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. - The experimental conditions were kept as...

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Main Authors: Wex, Heike (Author) , Augustin-Bauditz, S. (Author) , Boose, Y. (Author) , Budke, C. (Author) , Curtius, J. (Author) , Diehl, K. (Author) , Dreyer, A. (Author) , Frank, F. (Author) , Hartmann, S. (Author) , Hiranuma, N. (Author) , Jantsch, E. (Author) , Kanji, Z. A. (Author) , Kiselev, A. (Author) , Koop, T. (Author) , Möhler, O. (Author) , Niedermeier, D. (Author) , Nillius, B. (Author) , Rösch, M. (Author) , Rose, D. (Author) , Schmidt, Christina (Author) , Steinke, Isabelle (Author) , Stratmann, F. (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: September 1, 2014
In: Atmospheric chemistry and physics. Discussions
Year: 2014, Volume: 14, Issue: 16, Pages: 22321-22384
ISSN:1680-7375
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ACPD...1422321W
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Author Notes:H. Wex, S. Augustin-Bauditz, Y. Boose, C. Budke, J. Curtius, K. Diehl, A. Dreyer, F. Frank, S. Hartmann, N. Hiranuma, E. Jantsch, Z.A. Kanji, A. Kiselev, T. Koop, O. Möhler, D. Niedermeier, B. Nillius, M. Rösch, D. Rose, C. Schmidt, I. Steinke, and F. Stratmann
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Summary:Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine - the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from - Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice - active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. - The experimental conditions were kept as similar as possible for the - different measurements. Of the participating instruments, some examined - droplets which had been made from suspensions directly, and the others - examined droplets activated on previously generated Snomax particles, - with particle diameters of mostly a few hundred nanometers and up to a - few micrometers in some cases. Data were obtained in the temperature - range from -2 to -38 °C, and it was found that all ice active - protein complexes were already activated above -12 °C. Droplets with - different Snomax mass concentrations covering 10 orders of magnitude - were examined. Some instruments had very short ice nucleation times down - to below 1 s, while others had comparably slow cooling rates around 1 K - min-1. Displaying data from the different instruments in - terms of numbers of ice active protein complexes per dry mass of Snomax, - nm, showed that within their uncertainty the data agree well - with each other as well as to previously reported literature results. - Two parameterizations were taken from literature for a direct comparison - to our results, and these were a time dependent approach based on a - contact angle distribution Niedermeier et al. (2014) and a modification - of the parameterization presented in Hartmann et~al.~(2013) representing - a time independent approach. The agreement between these and the - measured data were good, i.e. they agreed within a temperature range of - 0.6 K or equivalently a range in nm of a factor of 2. From - the results presented herein, we propose that Snomax, at least when - carefully shared and prepared, is a suitable material to test and - compare different instruments for their accuracy of measuring immersion - freezing.
Item Description:Gesehen am 20.01.2021
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1680-7375

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