Thymus and autoimmunity
The thymus prevents autoimmune diseases through mechanisms that operate in the cortex and medulla, comprising positive and negative selection and the generation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Egress from the thymus through the perivascular space (PVS) to the blood is another possible checkpoint, as...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
3 February 2021
|
| In: |
Seminars in immunopathology
Year: 2021, Volume: 43, Issue: 1, Pages: 45-64 |
| ISSN: | 1863-2300 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00281-021-00842-3 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-021-00842-3
|
| Author Notes: | Alexander Marx, Yosuke Yamada, Katja Simon-Keller, Berthold Schalke, Nick Willcox, Philipp Ströbel, Cleo-Aron Weis |
| Summary: | The thymus prevents autoimmune diseases through mechanisms that operate in the cortex and medulla, comprising positive and negative selection and the generation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Egress from the thymus through the perivascular space (PVS) to the blood is another possible checkpoint, as shown by some autoimmune/immunodeficiency syndromes. In polygenic autoimmune diseases, subtle thymic dysfunctions may compound genetic, hormonal and environmental cues. Here, we cover (a) tolerance-inducing cell types, whether thymic epithelial or tuft cells, or dendritic, B- or thymic myoid cells; (b) tolerance-inducing mechanisms and their failure in relation to thymic anatomic compartments, and with special emphasis on human monogenic and polygenic autoimmune diseases and the related thymic pathologies, if known; (c) polymorphisms and mutations of tolerance-related genes with an impact on positive selection (e.g. the gene encoding the thymoproteasome-specific subunit, PSMB11), promiscuous gene expression (e.g. AIRE, PRKDC, FEZF2, CHD4), Treg development (e.g. SATB1, FOXP3), T-cell migration (e.g. TAGAP) and egress from the thymus (e.g. MTS1, CORO1A); (d) myasthenia gravis as the prototypic outcome of an inflamed or disordered neoplastic ‘sick thymus’. |
|---|---|
| Item Description: | Gesehen am 05.05.2021 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1863-2300 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00281-021-00842-3 |