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Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics

Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homog...

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Main Authors: Weißenbruch, Kai (Author) , Grewe, Justin (Author) , Hippler, Marc (Author) , Fladung, Magdalena (Author) , Tremmel, Moritz (Author) , Stricker, Kathrin (Author) , Schwarz, Ulrich S. (Author) , Bastmeyer, Martin (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 10 August 2021
In: eLife
Year: 2021, Volume: 10, Pages: 1-35
ISSN:2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/eLife.71888
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71888
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=DOISource&SrcApp=WOS&KeyAID=10.7554%2Felife.71888&DestApp=DOI&SrcAppSID=D4H7WNR6G3dOKmwUJhx&SrcJTitle=ELIFE&DestDOIRegistrantName=eLife+Sciences+Publications%2C+Ltd.
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Author Notes:Kai Weißenbruch, Justin Grewe, Marc Hippler, Magdalena Fladung, Moritz Tremmel, Kathrin Stricker, Ulrich Sebastian Schwarz, Martin Bastmeyer
Description
Summary:Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis.
Item Description:Gesehen am 07.10.2021
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/eLife.71888

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