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COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine induces transient CD8+ T effector cell responses while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation

Immunization with two mRNA vaccine doses elicits robust spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but reports of waning immunity after COVID-19 vaccination prompt the introduction of booster vaccination campaigns. However, the effect of mRNA booster vaccination on the spike-specific CD8+ T cell response...

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Main Authors: Reinscheid, Matthias (Author) , Luxenburger, Hendrik (Author) , Karl, Vivien (Author) , Graeser, Anne (Author) , Giese, Sebastian (Author) , Ciminski, Kevin (Author) , Reeg, David B. (Author) , Oberhardt, Valerie (Author) , Röhlen, Natascha (Author) , Lang-Meli, Julia (Author) , Heim, Kathrin (Author) , Gross, Nina (Author) , Baum, Christina (Author) , Rieg, Siegbert (Author) , Speer, Claudius (Author) , Emmerich, Florian (Author) , Breisinger, Susanne (Author) , Steinmann, Daniel (Author) , Bengsch, Bertram (Author) , Böttler, Tobias (Author) , Kochs, Georg (Author) , Schwemmle, Martin (Author) , Thimme, Robert (Author) , Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph (Author) , Hofmann, Maike (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 08 August 2022
In: Nature Communications
Year: 2022, Volume: 13, Pages: 1-11
ISSN:2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-32324-x
Online Access:Resolving-System, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32324-x
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-32324-x
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Author Notes:Matthias Reinscheid, Hendrik Luxenburger, Vivien Karl, Anne Graeser, Sebastian Giese, Kevin Ciminski, David B. Reeg, Valerie Oberhardt, Natascha Roehlen, Julia Lang-Meli, Kathrin Heim, Nina Gross, Christina Baum, Siegbert Rieg, Claudius Speer, Florian Emmerich, Susanne Breisinger, Daniel Steinmann, Bertram Bengsch, Tobias Boettler, Georg Kochs, Martin Schwemmle, Robert Thimme, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Maike Hofmann
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Summary:Immunization with two mRNA vaccine doses elicits robust spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but reports of waning immunity after COVID-19 vaccination prompt the introduction of booster vaccination campaigns. However, the effect of mRNA booster vaccination on the spike-specific CD8+ T cell response remains unclear. Here we show that spike-specific CD8+ T cells are activated and expanded in all analyzed individuals receiving the 3rd and 4th mRNA vaccine shots. This CD8+ T cell boost response is followed by a contraction phase and lasts only for about 30-60 days. The spike-specific CD8+ T memory stem cell pool is not affected by the 3rd vaccination. Both 4th vaccination and breakthrough infections with Delta and Omicron rapidly reactivate CD8+ T memory cells. In contrast, neutralizing antibody responses display little boost effect towards Omicron. Thus, COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination elicits a transient T effector cell response while long-term spike-specific CD8+ T cell immunity is conserved to mount robust memory recall targeting emerging variants of concern.
Item Description:Gesehen am 11.11.2022
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-32324-x

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