Euclid-Roman joint microlensing survey: early mass measurement, free floating planets, and exomoons
As the <i>Kepler<i/> mission has done for hot exoplanets, the ESA <i>Euclid<i/> and NASA <i>Roman<i/> missions have the potential to create a breakthrough in our understanding of the demographics of cool exoplanets, including unbound, or free-floating, planets (FF...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
22 August 2022
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| In: |
Astronomy and astrophysics
Year: 2022, Volume: 664, Pages: 1-15 |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202140351 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140351 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2022/08/aa40351-21/aa40351-21.html 
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| Author Notes: | E. Bachelet, D. Specht, M. Penny, M. Hundertmark, S. Awiphan, J.-P. Beaulieu, M. Dominik, E. Kerins, D. Maoz, E. Meade, A.A. Nucita, R. Poleski, C. Ranc, J. Rhodes, and A.C. Robin |
| Summary: | As the <i>Kepler<i/> mission has done for hot exoplanets, the ESA <i>Euclid<i/> and NASA <i>Roman<i/> missions have the potential to create a breakthrough in our understanding of the demographics of cool exoplanets, including unbound, or free-floating, planets (FFPs). <i>Roman<i/> will dedicate part of its core survey program to the detection of cool exoplanets via microlensing, while <i>Euclid<i/> may undertake a microlensing program as an ancillary science goal. In this study, we demonstrate the complementarity of the two missions and propose two joint surveys to better constrain the mass and distance of microlensing events. We first demonstrate that an early brief <i>Euclid<i/> survey (~7 h) of the <i>Roman<i/> microlensing fields will allow the measurement of at least 30% of the events’ relative proper motions <i>µ<i/><sub>rel<sub/> and 42% of the lens magnitudes. This survey would place strong constraints on the mass and distance on thousands of microlensing events observed by <i>Roman<i/> just after the first year of observation. Then, we study the potential of simultaneous observations by <i>Roman<i/> and <i>Euclid<i/> to enable the measurement of the microlensing parallax for the shortest microlensing events and, ultimately, obtain a direct measurement of the masses, distances, and transverse motions of FFPs. Using detailed simulations of the joint detection yield we show that within one year <i>Roman-Euclid<i/> observations will be at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than current ground-based measurements. The recent tentative detection of an excess of short-duration events by the OGLE survey is consistent with a scenario of up to ten Earth-mass FFPs per Galactic star. For such a scenario a joint <i>Roman-Euclid<i/> campaign should detect around 130 FFP events within a year, including 110 with measured parallax that strongly constrain the FFP mass, and around 30 FFP events with direct mass and distance measurements. The ability of the joint survey to completely break the microlens mass-distance-velocity degeneracy for a significant subset of events provides a unique opportunity to verify unambiguously the FFP hypothesis or else place abundance limits for FFPs between Earth and Jupiter masses that are up to two orders of magnitude stronger than provided by ground-based surveys. Finally, we study the capabilities of the joint survey to enhance the detection and characterization of exomoons, and find that it could lead to the detection of the first exomoon. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 22.11.2022 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 |
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202140351 |