Critical appraisal of large vitamin D randomized controlled trials
As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality, large vitamin D randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been designed and conduct...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
12 January 2022
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| In: |
Nutrients
Year: 2022, Volume: 14, Issue: 2, Pages: 1-14 |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu14020303 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020303 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/2/303 
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| Author Notes: | Stefan Pilz, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martin R. Grübler, Nicolas D. Verheyen, Balazs Odler, Spyridon N. Karras, Armin Zittermann and Winfried März |
| Summary: | As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality, large vitamin D randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been designed and conducted over the last few years. The vast majority of these trials did not restrict their study populations to individuals with vitamin D deficiency, and some even allowed moderate vitamin D supplementation in the placebo groups. In these RCTs, there were no significant effects on the primary outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular events, and mortality, but explorative outcome analyses and meta-analyses revealed indications for potential benefits such as reductions in cancer mortality or acute respiratory infections. Importantly, data from RCTs with relatively high doses of vitamin D supplementation did, by the vast majority, not show significant safety issues, except for trials in critically or severely ill patients or in those using very high intermittent vitamin D doses. The recent large vitamin D RCTs did not challenge the beneficial effects of vitamin D regarding rickets and osteomalacia, that therefore continue to provide the scientific basis for nutritional vitamin D guidelines and recommendations. There remains a great need to evaluate the effects of vitamin D treatment in populations with vitamin D deficiency or certain characteristics suggesting a high sensitivity to treatment. Outcomes and limitations of recently published large vitamin D RCTs must inform the design of future vitamin D or nutrition trials that should use more personalized approaches. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 30.05.2023 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu14020303 |