Survival in primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, 2016 to 2021: etoposide is better than its reputation
Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that develops mainly in patients with genetic disorders of lymphocyte cytotoxicity and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndromes. Previous studies with etoposide-based treatment followed by hematopoetic s...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
March 7, 2024
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| In: |
Blood
Year: 2024, Volume: 143, Issue: 10, Pages: 872-881 |
| ISSN: | 1528-0020 |
| DOI: | 10.1182/blood.2023022281 |
| Online Access: | Resolving-System, lizenzpflichtig: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023022281
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| Author Notes: | Svea Böhm, Katharina Wustrau, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Seraina Prader, Martina Ahlmann, Joanne Yacobovich, Rita Beier, Carsten Speckmann, Wolfgang Behnisch, Marianne Ifversen, Michael Jordan, Rebecca Marsh, Nora Naumann-Bartsch, Christine Mauz-Körholz, Manfred Hönig, Ansgar Schulz, Iwona Malinowska, Melissa Hines, Kim E. Nichols, Juana Gil-Herrera, Julie-An Talano, Bruce Crooks, Renata Formankova, Norbert Jorch, Shahrzad Bakhtiar, Ingrid Kühnle, Monika Streiter, Michaela Nathrath, Alexandra Russo, Matthias Dürken, Peter Lang, Caroline Lindemans, Jan-Inge Henter, Kai Lehmberg, Stephan Ehl |
| Summary: | Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that develops mainly in patients with genetic disorders of lymphocyte cytotoxicity and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndromes. Previous studies with etoposide-based treatment followed by hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) resulted in 5-year survival of 50% to 59%. Contemporary data are lacking. We evaluated 88 patients with pHLH documented in the international HLH registry from 2016-2021. In 12 of 88 patients, diagnosis was made without HLH activity, based on siblings or albinism. Major HLH-directed drugs (etoposide, antithymocyte globulin, alemtuzumab, emapalumab, ruxolitinib) were administered to 66 of 76 patients who were symptomatic (86% first-line etoposide); 16 of 57 patients treated with etoposide and 3 of 9 with other first-line treatment received salvage therapy. HSCT was performed in 75 patients; 7 patients died before HSCT. Three-year probability of survival (pSU) was 82% (confidence interval [CI], 72%-88%) for the entire cohort and 77% (CI, 64%-86%) for patients receiving first-line etoposide. Compared with the HLH-2004 study, both pre-HSCT and post-HSCT survival of patients receiving first-line etoposide improved, 83% to 91% and 70% to 88%. Differences to HLH-2004 included preferential use of reduced-toxicity conditioning and reduced time from diagnosis to HSCT (from 148 to 88 days). Three-year pSU was lower with haploidentical (4 of 9 patients [44%]) than with other donors (62 of 66 [94%]; P < .001). Importantly, early HSCT for patients who were asymptomatic resulted in 100% survival, emphasizing the potential benefit of newborn screening. This contemporary standard-of-care study of patients with pHLH reveals that first-line etoposide-based therapy is better than previously reported, providing a benchmark for novel treatment regimes. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 13.01.2025 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1528-0020 |
| DOI: | 10.1182/blood.2023022281 |