Iatrogenic air embolism: influence of air bubble size on cerebral infarctions in an experimental in vivo and numerical simulation model
Background Cerebral infarctions resulting from iatrogenic air embolism (AE), mainly caused by small air bubbles, are a well-known and often overlooked event in endovascular interventions. Despite their significance, the underlying pathophysiology remains largely unclear. - Methods In 24 rats, AEs we...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| In: |
Journal of neuroInterventional surgery
Year: 2024, Volume: 16, Issue: 10, Pages: 1036-1041 |
| ISSN: | 1759-8486 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/jnis-2023-020739 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnis-2023-020739 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://jnis.bmj.com/content/early/2023/10/20/jnis-2023-020739 
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| Author Notes: | Tabea C. Schaefer, Svenja Greive, Claas Bierwisch, Shoya Mohseni-Mofidi, Sabine Heiland, Martin Kramer, Markus A. Möhlenbruch, Martin Bendszus, Dominik F. Vollherbst |
| Summary: | Background Cerebral infarctions resulting from iatrogenic air embolism (AE), mainly caused by small air bubbles, are a well-known and often overlooked event in endovascular interventions. Despite their significance, the underlying pathophysiology remains largely unclear. - Methods In 24 rats, AEs were induced using a microcatheter, positioned in the carotid artery via femoral access. Rats were divided into two study groups, based on the size of the bubbles (85 and 120 µm) and two sub-groups, differing in air volume (0.39 and 0.64 µl). Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 1.5 hours after intervention. MRI findings including the number, single volume and total volume of the infarctions were assessed. A software-based numerical simulation was performed to qualitatively assess the microvascular pathomechanisms. - Results In the study groups 22 of 24 rats (92%) revealed cerebral infarctions. The number of infarctions per rat was higher for the smaller bubbles, for the lower (medians: 5 vs 3; p=0.049) and higher air volume sub-groups (medians: 6 vs 4; p=0.012). Correspondingly, total infarction volume was higher for the smaller bubbles (1.67 vs 0.5 mm³; p=0.042). Simulations confirmed the results of the experiments and suggested that fusion of microbubbles to larger bubbles is the underlying pathomechanism of vascular occlusions. - Conclusion In iatrogenic AE, the size of the bubbles can have a major impact on the number and total volume of cerebral infarctions. These findings can help to better understand the pathophysiology of this frequent, often underestimated adverse event in endovascular interventions. |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 03.06.2024 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1759-8486 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/jnis-2023-020739 |