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Self-report assessment of Positive Appraisal Style (PAS): development of a process-focused and a content-focused questionnaire for use in mental health and resilience research

Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience posits that a person’s general style of evaluating stressors plays a central role in mental health and resilience. Specifically, a tendency to appraise stressors positively (positive appraisal style; PAS) is theorized to be protective of mental health an...

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Main Authors: Petri-Romão, Papoula (Author) , Engen, Haakon (Author) , Rupanova, Anna (Author) , Puhlmann, Lara (Author) , Zerban, Matthias (Author) , Neumann, Rebecca J. (Author) , Malyshau, Aliaksandr (Author) , Ahrens, Kira F. (Author) , Schick, Anita (Author) , Kollmann, Bianca (Author) , Wessa, Michèle (Author) , Walker, Henrik (Author) , Plichta, Michael M. (Author) , Reif, Andreas (Author) , Chmitorz, Andrea (Author) , Tuescher, Oliver (Author) , Basten, Ulrike (Author) , Kalisch, Raffael (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: February 2, 2024
In: PLOS ONE
Year: 2024, Volume: 19, Issue: 2, Pages: 1-22
ISSN:1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0295562
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295562
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0295562
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Author Notes:Papoula Petri-Romão, Haakon Engen, Anna Rupanova, Lara Puhlmann, Matthias Zerban, Rebecca J. Neumann, Aliaksandr Malyshau, Kira F. Ahrens, Anita Schick, Bianca Kollmann, Michèle Wessa, Henrik Walker, Michael M. Plichta, Andreas Reif, Andrea Chmitorz, Oliver Tuescher, Ulrike Basten, Raffael Kalisch
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Summary:Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience posits that a person’s general style of evaluating stressors plays a central role in mental health and resilience. Specifically, a tendency to appraise stressors positively (positive appraisal style; PAS) is theorized to be protective of mental health and thus a key resilience factor. To this date no measures of PAS exist. Here, we present two scales that measure perceived positive appraisal style, one focusing on cognitive processes that lead to positive appraisals in stressful situations (PASS-process), and the other focusing on the appraisal contents (PASS-content). For PASS-process, the items of the existing questionnaires Brief COPE and CERQ-short were analyzed in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) in independent samples (N = 1157 and N = 1704). The resulting 10-item questionnaire was internally consistent (α = .78, 95% CI [.86, .87]) and showed good convergent and discriminant validity in comparisons with self-report measures of trait optimism, neuroticism, urgency, and spontaneity. For PASS-content, a newly generated item pool of 29 items across stressor appraisal content dimensions (probability, magnitude, and coping potential) were subjected to EFA and CFA in two independent samples (N = 1174 and N = 1611). The resulting 14-item scale showed good internal consistency (α = .87, 95% CI [.86, .87]), as well as good convergent and discriminant validity within the nomological network. The two scales are a new and reliable way to assess self-perceived positive appraisal style in large-scale studies, which could offer key insights into mechanisms of resilience.
Item Description:Gesehen am 02.09.2024
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0295562

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