Sodium triple quantum MR signal extraction using a single-pulse sequence with single quantum time efficiency
Purpose Sodium triple quantum (TQ) signal has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for cell viability. Despite its clinical potential, application of Sodium TQ signal is hindered by complex pulse sequences with long scan times. This study proposes a method to approximate the TQ signal using a singl...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
September 2024
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| In: |
Magnetic resonance in medicine
Year: 2024, Volume: 92, Issue: 3, Pages: 900-915 |
| ISSN: | 1522-2594 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/mrm.30107 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.30107 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mrm.30107 
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| Author Notes: | Simon Reichert, Victor Schepkin, Dennis Kleimaier, Frank G. Zöllner, Lothar R. Schad |
| Summary: | Purpose Sodium triple quantum (TQ) signal has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for cell viability. Despite its clinical potential, application of Sodium TQ signal is hindered by complex pulse sequences with long scan times. This study proposes a method to approximate the TQ signal using a single excitation pulse without phase cycling. Methods The proposed method is based on a single excitation pulse and a comparison of the free induction decay (FID) with the integral of the FID combined with a shifting reconstruction window. The TQ signal is calculated from this FID only. As a proof of concept, the method was also combined with a multi-echo UTE imaging sequence on a 9.4 T preclinical MRI scanner for the possibility of fast TQ MRI. Results The extracted Sodium TQ signals of single-pulse and spin echo FIDs were in close agreement with theory and TQ measurement by traditional three-pulse sequence (TQ time proportional phase increment [TQTPPI)]. For 2%, 4%, and 6% agar samples, the absolute deviations of the maximum TQ signals between SE and theoretical (time proportional phase increment TQTPPI) TQ signals were less than 1.2% (2.4%), and relative deviations were less than 4.6% (6.8%). The impact of multi-compartment systems and noise on the accuracy of the TQ signal was small for simulated data. The systematic error was <3.4% for a single quantum (SQ) SNR of 5 and at maximum <2.5% for a multi-compartment system. The method also showed the potential of fast in vivo SQ and TQ imaging. Conclusion Simultaneous SQ and TQ MRI using only a single-pulse sequence and SQ time efficiency has been demonstrated. This may leverage the full potential of the Sodium TQ signal in clinical applications. |
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| Item Description: | Online veröffentlicht: 22. April 2024 Gesehen am 11.09.2024 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1522-2594 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/mrm.30107 |