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Mapping the intracluster medium in the era of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy

High-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-rays will open a new window to map multiphase gas in galaxy clusters and probe physics of the intracluster medium (ICM), including chemical enrichment histories, circulation of matter and energy during large-scale structure evolution, stellar and black hole fee...

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Main Authors: Zhang, Congyao (Author) , Zhuravleva, Irina (Author) , Markevitch, Maxim (Author) , ZuHone, John (Author) , Mernier, François (Author) , Biffi, Veronica (Author) , Bogdán, Ákos (Author) , Chakraborty, Priyanka (Author) , Churazov, Eugene (Author) , Dolag, Klaus (Author) , Ettori, Stefano (Author) , Forman, William R (Author) , Hernquist, Lars (Author) , Jones, Christine (Author) , Khabibullin, Ildar (Author) , Kilbourne, Caroline (Author) , Kraft, Ralph (Author) , Lau, Erwin T (Author) , Lin, Sheng-Chieh (Author) , Nagai, Daisuke (Author) , Nelson, Dylan (Author) , Ogorzałek, Anna (Author) , Rasia, Elena (Author) , Sarkar, Arnab (Author) , Simionescu, Aurora (Author) , Su, Yuanyuan (Author) , Vogelsberger, Mark (Author) , Walker, Stephen (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 17 April 2024
In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year: 2024, Volume: 530, Issue: 4, Pages: 4234-4255
ISSN:1365-2966
DOI:10.1093/mnras/stae1022
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1022
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Author Notes:Congyao Zhang, Irina Zhuravleva, Maxim Markevitch, John ZuHone, François Mernier, Veronica Biffi, Ákos Bogdán, Priyanka Chakraborty, Eugene Churazov, Klaus Dolag, Stefano Ettori, William R Forman, Lars Hernquist, Christine Jones, Ildar Khabibullin, Caroline Kilbourne, Ralph Kraft, Erwin T Lau, Sheng-Chieh Lin, Daisuke Nagai, Dylan Nelson, Anna Ogorzałek, Elena Rasia, Arnab Sarkar, Aurora Simionescu, Yuanyuan Su, Mark Vogelsberger and Stephen Walker
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Summary:High-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-rays will open a new window to map multiphase gas in galaxy clusters and probe physics of the intracluster medium (ICM), including chemical enrichment histories, circulation of matter and energy during large-scale structure evolution, stellar and black hole feedback, halo virialization, and gas mixing processes. An eV-level spectral resolution, large field of view, and effective area are essential to separate cluster emissions from the Galactic foreground and efficiently map the cluster outskirts. Several mission concepts that meet these criteria have been proposed recently, e.g. LEM, HUBS, and Super DIOS. This theoretical study explores what information on ICM physics could be recovered with such missions and the associated challenges. We emphasize the need for a comprehensive comparison between simulations and observations to interpret the high-resolution spectroscopic observations correctly. Using Line Emission Mapper (LEM) characteristics as an example, we demonstrate that it enables the use of soft X-ray emission lines (e.g. O vii/viii and Fe-L complex) from the cluster outskirts to measure the thermodynamic, chemical, and kinematic properties of the gas up to r200 and beyond. By generating mock observations with full backgrounds, analysing their images/spectra with observational approaches, and comparing the recovered characteristics with true ones from simulations, we develop six key science drivers for future missions, including the exploration of multiphase gas in galaxy clusters (e.g. temperature fluctuations, phase-space distributions), metallicity, ICM gas bulk motions and turbulence power spectra, ICM-cosmic filament interactions, and advances for cluster cosmology.
Item Description:Gesehen am 28.03.2025
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1365-2966
DOI:10.1093/mnras/stae1022

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