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Risk factors for intensive care admission in childhood patients with COVID-19: results of the German nationwide inpatient sample

Background - COVID-19 pandemic research efforts have mainly focused on adults, but data in paediatric populations are sparse. - Methods - We used the German nationwide-inpatient-sample analysing all hospitalized children ≤18 years with confirmed COVID-19-diagnosis in Germany during the year 2020, st...

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Main Authors: Keller, Karsten (Author) , Sagoschen, Ingo (Author) , Schmitt, Volker H. (Author) , Sivanathan, Visvakanth (Author) , Farmakis, Ioannis T. (Author) , Hahad, Omar (Author) , Koelmel, Sebastian (Author) , Schmidt, Frank P. (Author) , Espinola-Klein, Christine (Author) , Konstantinides, Stavros (Author) , Münzel, Thomas (Author) , Lurz, Philipp (Author) , Hobohm, Lukas (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: January 2025
In: Respiratory medicine
Year: 2025, Volume: 236, Pages: 1-8
ISSN:1532-3064
DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107880
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107880
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095461112400355X
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Author Notes:Karsten Keller, Ingo Sagoschen, Volker H. Schmitt, Visvakanth Sivanathan, Ioannis T. Farmakis, Omar Hahad, Sebastian Koelmel, Frank P. Schmidt, Christine Espinola-Klein, Stavros Konstantinides, Thomas Münzel, Philipp Lurz, Lukas Hobohm
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Summary:Background - COVID-19 pandemic research efforts have mainly focused on adults, but data in paediatric populations are sparse. - Methods - We used the German nationwide-inpatient-sample analysing all hospitalized children ≤18 years with confirmed COVID-19-diagnosis in Germany during the year 2020, stratified for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. - Results - Overall, 3360 hospitalization-cases of children ≤18 years with COVID-19-infection were diagnosed in Germany 2020 (median age 7.0 [IQR 0.0-15.0] years, 49.8 % female); among them 4.3 % were admitted on an ICU. In-hospital death occurred in five patients with and three without ICU admission (3.5 % vs. 0.1 %, P < 0.001) and ICU admission was independently associated with increased case-fatality (OR 21.573 [95%CI 4.191-111.044], P < 0.001). Obesity (OR 3.419 [95%CI 1.300-8.993], P = 0.013), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.929 [95%CI 3.327-14.432], P < 0.001), pneumonia (OR 7.373 [95%CI 4.823-11.271], P < 0.001), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR 48.058 [95%CI 11.689-197.588], P < 0.001) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome caused by COVID-19 (OR 9.573 [95%CI 3.036-30.191], P < 0.001), heart failure (OR 64.509 [95%CI 24.462-170.121], P < 0.001), myocarditis (OR 4.682 [95%CI 1.278-17.149], P = 0.020), acute and/or chronic kidney failure (OR 7.946 [95%CI 3.606-17.508], P < 0.001), cancer (OR 5.220 [95%CI 2.599-10.485], P < 0.001) and liver diseases (OR 5.501 [95%CI 2.177-13.899], P < 0.001) were associated with an ICU admission. - Conclusion - Proportion of hospitalized paediatric COVID-19-patients admitted on ICU in Germany was low with 4.3 % accompanied by 3.5 % case-fatality rate. Independent factors for ICU admission comprised cardio-vascular risk factors, comorbidities, and complications of COVID-19.
Item Description:Online verfügbar: 23. November 2025, Artikelversion: 26. November 2025
Gesehen am 08.07.2025
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1532-3064
DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107880

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