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Self- and co-regulation in european caregiver-child dyads: age-related changes and validity of the IMMA-SF questionnaire

Children’s capacity to regulate their impulses increases during early years, supported by their caregivers’ co-regulation. The questionnaire IMMA (Impulse-Management in the Caregiver-Child Dyad; Pauen et al., 2019) assesses (1) parental ideas and goals regarding child self-regulation development, (2...

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Main Authors: Pauen, Sabina (Author) , Mata, Cecil (Author) , Fumagalli, Monica (Author) , Giannì, Maria L. (Author) , Morniroli, Daniela (Author) , Książek, Justyna (Author) , Marijnissen, Lotte (Author) , Southgate, Victoria (Author) , Pluta, Agnieszka (Author) , Kampis, Dora (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: January 2025
In: European psychologist
Year: 2025, Volume: 30, Issue: 1, Pages: 14-28
ISSN:1878-531X
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1016-9040/a000543
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Author Notes:Sabina Pauen, Cecil Mata, Monica Fumagalli, Maria L. Giannì, Daniela Morniroli, Justyna Książek, Lotte Marijnissen, Victoria Southgate, Agnieszka Pluta, and Dora Kampis
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Summary:Children’s capacity to regulate their impulses increases during early years, supported by their caregivers’ co-regulation. The questionnaire IMMA (Impulse-Management in the Caregiver-Child Dyad; Pauen et al., 2019) assesses (1) parental ideas and goals regarding child self-regulation development, (2) child self-regulation strategies, and (3) parental co-regulation strategies. A total of N = 2,478 parents from Denmark, Germany, Italy, and Poland with children aged 1–6 years (M = 36.34, range 12–83 months) filled out the IMMA short-form online. The factor structure reached an adequate model fit in all countries and closely resembled that of the original version, with few interesting exceptions. Cross-sectional analyses revealed that parents’ expectations regarding child self-regulation development, children’s self-regulation-, and parents’ co-regulation strategies changed dynamically throughout early childhood. Based on the findings, we conclude that the IMMA-SF provides a valid instrument to further explore this interplay across development.
Item Description:Online veröffentlicht: 17. April 2025
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Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1878-531X

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