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Genetic association of ACE2 rs2285666 (C>T) and rs2106809 (A>G) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among the Ghanaian population

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enters human cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. ACE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence susceptibility by affecting viral binding or gene expression. This study investigated the a...

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Main Authors: Boakye, Alexander Owusu (Author) , Obirikorang, Christian (Author) , Afum-Adjei Awuah, Anthony (Author) , Adu, Evans Asamoah (Author) , Winter, Doris (Author) , Boham, Eric Ebenezer (Author) , Alani, Hakim (Author) , Newton, Sylvester Kofi (Author) , Almoustapha, Nana Safi Toure (Author) , Deke, James (Author) , Dzadey, Welbeck Odame (Author) , Adu-Amoah, Louis (Author) , Kroduah, Sally-Ann (Author) , Grant, Mary Ama (Author) , Asare, Gracelyn (Author) , Amoako-Adusei, Amos (Author) , Loag, Wibke (Author) , Kettenbeil, Jenny (Author) , Sarkodie, Yaw Adu (Author) , Oduro-Mensah, Ebenezer (Author) , Yawson, Alfred Edwin (Author) , Apanga, Stephen (Author) , Odotei Adjei, Rose (Author) , Adobasom-Anane, Austin Gideon (Author) , Lorenz, Eva (Author) , Souares-Coutant, Aurélia (Author) , Maiga-Ascofaré, Oumou (Author) , May, Jürgen (Author) , Struck, Nicole S. (Author) , Amuasi, John Humphery (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 26 May 2025
In: Frontiers in genetics
Year: 2025, Volume: 16, Pages: 1-13
ISSN:1664-8021
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2025.1555515
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1555515
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1555515/full
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Author Notes:Alexander Owusu Boakye, Christian Obirikorang, Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah, Evans Asamoah Adu, Doris Winter, Eric Ebenezer Boham, Hakim Alani, Sylvester Kofi Newton, Nana Safi Toure Almoustapha, James Deke, Welbeck Odame Dzadey, Louis Adu-Amoah, Sally-Ann Kroduah, Mary Ama Grant, Gracelyn Asare, Amos Amoako-Adusei, Wibke Loag, Jenny Kettenbeil, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, Ebenezer Oduro-Mensah, Alfred Edwin Yawson, Stephen Apanga, Rose Odotei Adjei, Austin Gideon Adobasom-Anane, Eva Lorenz, Aurélia Souares, Oumou Maiga-Ascofaré, Jürgen May, Nicole S. Struck and John Humphery Amuasi
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Summary:BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enters human cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. ACE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence susceptibility by affecting viral binding or gene expression. This study investigated the association between ACE2 SNPs, rs2285666 and rs2106809, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in a Ghanaian population.MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted, using a magnetic bead-based method, from blood samples of a random-subset of 1,334 participants drawn from a two-stage cluster, population-based household cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence survey. Data collected included, socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, vaccination, and smoking status. Genotyping of the ACE2 SNPs was performed using Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide Polymerase Chain Reaction (ASO-PCR) combined with melting curve analysis. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between the ACE2 SNPs and the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infectionResultsThe median age of participants was 33 [Interquartile range (IQR) = 24-46] years. Females accounted for the majority of the sampled population, 64.3%. SARS-CoV-2-IgG seropositivity was (58.4%, 95%CI: 52.6%-64.2%) among the male population and (54.1%, 95%CI: 49.54%-58.61%) in the female population. There were no significant differences in overall allele or genotype frequencies of ACE2 SNPs between SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive and seronegative individuals for both females and males. Among females, those with the T allele of ACE2 rs2285666 had a 38% decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection under the dominant [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.45-0.85, P = 0.003] and heterozygous advantage models (aOR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.45-0.86, P = 0.004), after adjusting for confounders, but not thee recessive model (aOR = 0.41; 95%CI = 0.03-5.22, P = 0.490). No significant association was observed among males. Overall, the ACE2 rs2106809 was not associated with the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in both males and females.ConclusionThis study found no association between ACE2 rs2106809 genetic variant and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whilst the rs2285666 T-allele was associated with a decreased frequency for SARS-CoV-2 infection among Ghanaian females. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, which could help identify at-risk populations and inform more targeted public health interventions in future outbreaks.
Item Description:Gesehen am 27.10.2025
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1664-8021
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2025.1555515

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