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Realization of a doped quantum antiferromagnet in a Rydberg tweezer array

Doping an antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulator is central to our understanding of a variety of phenomena in strongly correlated electrons, including high-temperature superconductors1,2. To describe the competition between tunnelling t of hole dopants and AFM spin interactions J, theoretical and nu...

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Main Authors: Qiao, Mu (Author) , Emperauger, Gabriel (Author) , Chen, Cheng (Author) , Homeier, Lukas (Author) , Hollerith, Simon (Author) , Bornet, Guillaume (Author) , Martin, Romain (Author) , Gély, Bastien (Author) , Klein, Lukas (Author) , Barredo, Daniel (Author) , Geier, Sebastian (Author) , Chiu, Neng-Chun (Author) , Grusdt, Fabian (Author) , Bohrdt, Annabelle (Author) , Lahaye, Thierry (Author) , Browaeys, Antoine (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 28 August 2025
In: Nature
Year: 2025, Volume: 644, Issue: 8078, Pages: 889-895
ISSN:1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-09377-1
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09377-1
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09377-1
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Author Notes:Mu Qiao, Gabriel Emperauger, Cheng Chen, Lukas Homeier, Simon Hollerith, Guillaume Bornet, Romain Martin, Bastien Gély, Lukas Klein, Daniel Barredo, Sebastian Geier, Neng-Chun Chiu, Fabian Grusdt, Annabelle Bohrdt, Thierry Lahaye & Antoine Browaeys
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Summary:Doping an antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulator is central to our understanding of a variety of phenomena in strongly correlated electrons, including high-temperature superconductors1,2. To describe the competition between tunnelling t of hole dopants and AFM spin interactions J, theoretical and numerical studies often focus on the paradigmatic t-J model3 and the direct analogue quantum simulation of this model in the relevant regime of high-particle density has long been sought4,5. Here we realize a doped quantum antiferromagnet with next-nearest-neighbour (NNN) tunnellings t′ (refs. 6-10) and hard-core bosonic holes11 using a Rydberg tweezer platform. We use coherent dynamics between three Rydberg levels, encoding spins and holes12, to implement a tunable bosonic t-J-V model allowing us to study previously inaccessible parameter regimes. We observe dynamical phase separation between hole and spin domains for |t/J| ≪ 1 and demonstrate the formation of repulsively bound hole pairs in a variety of spin backgrounds. The interference between NNN tunnellings t′ and perturbative pair tunnelling gives rise to light and heavy pairs depending on the sign of t. Using the single-site control allows us to study the dynamics of a single hole in 2D square lattice (anti)ferromagnets. The model we implement extends the toolbox of Rydberg tweezer experiments beyond spin-1/2 models13 to a larger class of t-J and spin-1 models14,15.
Item Description:Online veröffentlicht: 20. August 2025
Gesehen am 21.01.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-09377-1

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