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Synergistic two-color photochemical polymer network formation and lithography

We introduce synergistic two-color lithography as an advanced wavelength-gated strategy for spatially and temporally controlling polymer network formation. Our photoresist entails two photoswitches, i.e., diarylindenone epoxide (DIO) and strained azobenzene (SA), each activated at a judiciously sele...

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Main Authors: Hobich, Jan (Author) , Wu, Xingyu (Author) , Feist, Florian (Author) , Scheibel, Willie (Author) , Herdt, Natalia (Author) , Somers, Paul (Author) , Blasco, Eva (Author) , Mutlu, Hatice (Author) , Barner-Kowollik, Christopher (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: October 03, 2025
In: Angewandte Chemie. International edition
Year: 2025, Volume: 64, Issue: 48, Pages: 1-10
ISSN:1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202518815
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202518815
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.202518815
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Author Notes:Jan Hobich, Xingyu Wu, Florian Feist, Willie Scheibel, Natalia Herdt, Paul Somers, Eva Blasco, Hatice Mutlu, and Christopher Barner-Kowollik
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Summary:We introduce synergistic two-color lithography as an advanced wavelength-gated strategy for spatially and temporally controlling polymer network formation. Our photoresist entails two photoswitches, i.e., diarylindenone epoxide (DIO) and strained azobenzene (SA), each activated at a judiciously selected wavelength, i.e., 375 or 430 nm. Under specific conditions of photon flux, simultaneous irradiation at both wavelengths induces a (3 + 2) cycloaddition between the photoactivated DIO′ and SA′ species, generating covalently crosslinked networks, whereas under these specifically determined conditions, single-wavelength exposure does not induce solidification. Kinetic analysis highlights the potential of synergistic activation to enable advanced additive manufacturing. We implemented the two-color activated covalent bond forming system in a dual-laser lithographic platform enabling the fabrication of well-defined structures, including segmented ring and butterfly architectures by simply activating and deactivating one of the colors of light.
Item Description:Gesehen am 12.02.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202518815

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