The paradox of inequality that isn’t: rising economic inequality depresses and polarizes citizens’ belief in meritocracy
This study examines how rising income inequality has been impacting individuals' belief in merit-based success, using three decades of survey data from 39 advanced capitalist democracies. Challenging the seminal finding of a "paradox of inequality," we find no evidence of a positive e...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) Chapter/Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
17 October 2025
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| In: |
SocArXiv
Year: 2025, Pages: 1-52 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ser/mwag016 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwag016 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/zh72m_v1/ 
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| Author Notes: | Sven Ehmes and Markus Gangl |
| Summary: | This study examines how rising income inequality has been impacting individuals' belief in merit-based success, using three decades of survey data from 39 advanced capitalist democracies. Challenging the seminal finding of a "paradox of inequality," we find no evidence of a positive effect of inequality on meritocratic beliefs across countries. Instead, we identify a substantively moderate but robustly negative effect of inequality on perceptions of meritocracy from within-country changes over time: as inequality rises, citizens’ belief in meritocracy declines. We further uncover that inequality does not merely induce a mean shift, but affects the shape of the distribution of meritocracy beliefs insofar as we find the proportion of sceptical perceptions of meritocratic realities to be increasing with higher levels of inequality. Our findings thus suggest that growing inequality undermines citizens’ trust in procedural fairness and contributes to an increased polarisation of attitudes and beliefs at the heart of open societies. |
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| Item Description: | Erscheint auch als POLAR working paper # 8 Gesehen am 10.03.2026 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ser/mwag016 |