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Polymeric micro- and nanoparticle release from cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits

Objectives Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or life support (ECLS) circuits are built from polymers and might release polymeric micro- and nanoparticles (MNP) into the circulation. MNPs seem to provoke inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which ar...

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Main Authors: Saemann, Lars (Author) , Stiller, Markus (Author) , Vaghasiya, Hardik (Author) , Gadara, Meet (Author) , Gramsall, Susanne (Author) , Großkopf, Anne (Author) , Simm, Andreas (Author) , Szabó, Gábor (Author) , Miclea, Paul-Tiberiu (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 28. Januar 2026
In: Biomedical engineering
Year: 2026, Volume: 71, Issue: 2, Pages: 103-111
ISSN:1862-278X
DOI:10.1515/bmt-2025-0480
Online Access:Resolving-System, kostenfrei: https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0480
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0480
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2025-0480/html
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Author Notes:Lars Saemann, Markus Stiller, Hardik Vaghasiya, Meet Gadara, Susanne Gramsall, Anne Großkopf, Andreas Simm, Gábor Szabó and Paul-Tiberiu Miclea
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Summary:Objectives Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or life support (ECLS) circuits are built from polymers and might release polymeric micro- and nanoparticles (MNP) into the circulation. MNPs seem to provoke inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which are also side effects of extracorporeal circulation. Thus, we investigated the MNP release from CPB and ECMO/ECLS circuits. Methods A CPB and ECMO/ECLS circuit was filled with saline solution, and circulation was initiated for 5h and 7d, respectively. Samples were taken from both circuits and filtered through a silicon membrane. MNPs were detected and quantified using optical microscopy and micro Raman spectroscopy. Results During circulation, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were detected in the CPB perfusate. After 5h of circulation, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was detected. In the ECMO/ECLS circuit, time-dependent accumulation of polymeric fragments was detected. Finally, particles of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), PET, and PVC were identified. The particle-size distribution extended from initially <2µm to finally >10µm with increasing circulation time. Conclusions CPB and ECMO/ECLS circuits release MNPs. The number of MNPs increases over the period of use. A larger number of circuits and of health effects of identified MNPs, should be investigated.
Item Description:Gesehen am 22.04.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1862-278X
DOI:10.1515/bmt-2025-0480

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