Self- and co-regulation during early childhood in a Chilean sample: translation and validation of the IMMA-SF questionnaire = Autorregulación y corregulación durante la primera infancia en una muestra chilena : traducción y validación del cuestionario IMMA-SF
During the first years of life, children need the support of their caregivers to regulate their internal states and behaviours. For this purpose, parents can use different strategies. This article presents the Spanish version of the instrument 'IMpulse-MAnagement in the caregiver-child dyad Sho...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Feb 2026
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| In: |
Journal for the study of education and development
Year: 2026, Volume: 49, Issue: 1, Pages: 121-151 |
| ISSN: | 1578-4126 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/02103702251411686 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1177/02103702251411686
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| Author Notes: | Cecil Mata, Claudia Capella, Catalina Bravo and Sabina Pauen |
| Summary: | During the first years of life, children need the support of their caregivers to regulate their internal states and behaviours. For this purpose, parents can use different strategies. This article presents the Spanish version of the instrument 'IMpulse-MAnagement in the caregiver-child dyad Short-Form' (IMMA-SF), which questions parents about (a) general beliefs and goals regarding child self-regulation, (b) children's responses to goal-frustration and parental demands, and (c) parental co-regulation strategies. A total of 527 parents with children aged one to six years, living in different regions of Chile, completed the IMMA-SF questionnaire online. The IMMA-SF proved to be a valid tool for assessing child self-regulation and parental co-regulation during early childhood in the Chilean population, as indicated by the largely adequate fit indices. Parents have higher expectations and use negotiation more often when the child has siblings or attends kindergarten, and with higher family income. Parents also describe their children as showing more compliance and better negotiation skills as they get older, especially if they attend kindergarten or have siblings. Durante los primeros a & ntilde;os de vida, los ni & ntilde;os necesitan el apoyo de sus cuidadores para regular sus estados internos y conductas. Con este fin los padres pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias. Este manuscrito presenta la versi & oacute;n en espa & ntilde;ol del instrumento 'IMpulse-MAnagement in the caregiver-child dyad Short-Form' (IMMA-SF), que pregunta a los padres sobre (a) ideas y metas generales respecto a la autorregulaci & oacute;n infantil, (b) respuestas de los ni & ntilde;os a la frustraci & oacute;n de metas y las demandas parentales, y (c) estrategias de corregulaci & oacute;n parental. Un total de 527 padres con hijos de uno a seis a & ntilde;os, residentes en distintas regiones de Chile, completaron el cuestionario IMMA-SF en l & iacute;nea. El IMMA-SF demostr & oacute; ser una herramienta v & aacute;lida para evaluar la autorregulaci & oacute;n infantil y la corregulaci & oacute;n parental durante la primera infancia en poblaci & oacute;n chilena, como lo indican los & iacute;ndices de ajuste en gran medida adecuados. Los padres tienen mayores expectativas y recurren con m & aacute;s frecuencia a la negociaci & oacute;n cuando el ni & ntilde;o tiene hermanos o asiste a educaci & oacute;n parvularia y a mayores ingresos familiares. Los padres tambi & eacute;n describen que sus hijos muestran mayor cumplimiento y mejores habilidades de negociaci & oacute;n a medida que crecen, especialmente si asisten a educaci & oacute;n parvularia o tienen hermanos. |
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| Item Description: | Online veröffentlicht: January 29, 2026 Gesehen am 20.03.2026 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 1578-4126 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/02103702251411686 |