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Retrospective study of mechanical complications after cephalomedullary nail implantation from 2019 to 2024 following per-, sub- or intertrochanteric femur fractures

Background Cephalomedullary nail (CMN) fixation is commonly used to treat extracapsular femoral fractures but is associated with mechanical complications, including implant cut-out, cut-in, and material failure. Identifying clinical and radiographic predictors of these complications is critical for...

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Main Authors: Blümke, Alexander Felix (Author) , Okoro, Adaugo (Author) , Vadgaonkar, Aditya (Author) , Kühlwein, Daniel (Author) , Pinheiro, Joao (Author) , Mellinghoff, Maximilian (Author) , Bludau, Frederic (Author) , Schilder, Andreas (Author) , Hetjens, Svetlana (Author) , Hackl, Michael (Author) , Gravius, Sascha (Author) , Darwich, Ali (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: December 2026
In: Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery
Year: 2026, Volume: 146, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-13
ISSN:1434-3916
DOI:10.1007/s00402-026-06257-9
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-026-06257-9
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Author Notes:Alexander Blümke, Adaugo Okoro, Aditya Vadgaonkar, Daniel Kühlwein, João Pinheiro, Maximilian Mellinghoff, Frederic Bludau, Andreas Schilder, Svetlana Hetjens, Michael Hackl, Sascha Gravius, Ali Darwich
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Summary:Background Cephalomedullary nail (CMN) fixation is commonly used to treat extracapsular femoral fractures but is associated with mechanical complications, including implant cut-out, cut-in, and material failure. Identifying clinical and radiographic predictors of these complications is critical for improving patient outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 401 patients treated with CMN for per-, sub-, or intertrochanteric fractures between 2019 and 2024. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic parameters were evaluated using logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of mechanical complications. Results Mechanical complications occurred in 7% (n = 28) of patients. The most common complications were cut-out (n = 16, 57%) and cut-in (n = 7, 25%). Significant predictors included increased tip-apex distance (TAD), younger patient age, and the requirement for postoperative blood transfusions. A TAD greater than 37.2 mm substantially elevated the risk of complications. Conclusion Mechanical complications after CMN implantation can be significantly reduced by precise implant placement to minimize TAD and careful perioperative management of hemoglobin levels. Implementing these findings into clinical practice can potentially improve surgical outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.
Item Description:Online veröffentlicht: 7. März 2026
Gesehen am 13.04.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1434-3916
DOI:10.1007/s00402-026-06257-9

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