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A warm massive pair of planets around TOI-1232 revealed with transit-timing variations and Doppler spectroscopy

TOI-1232 is a G dwarf star with a mass of , a radius of 1.07 ± 0.05 R⊙, and a slightly higher metallicity than solar of Fe/H = 0.18 ± 0.05. The star hosts a transiting warm Jovian-mass planet, TOI-1232 b, with an orbital period of days, identified with data from multiple sectors of the TESS space te...

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Main Authors: Mihaylov, Deyan (Author) , Eberhardt, Jan (Author) , Trifonov, Trifon (Author) , Brahm, Rafael (Author) , Henning, Thomas (Author) , Jordán, Andrés (Author) , Stoeva, Denitza (Author) , Jones, Matías I. (Author) , Acuña-Aguirre, Lorena (Author) , Stefanov, Stefan (Author) , Tala Pinto, M. (Author) , Hobson, Melissa J. (Author) , Espinoza, Nestor (Author) , Rojas, Felipe I. (Author) , Schlecker, Martin (Author) , Bozhilov, Vladimir (Author) , Guillot, Tristan (Author) , Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. (Author) , Lissauer, Jack J. (Author) , Korth, Judith (Author) , Parviainen, Hannu (Author) , Kreidberg, Laura (Author) , Bendjoya, Philippe (Author) , Suarez, Olga (Author) , Ziegler, Carl (Author) , Rowden, Pamela (Author) , Rudat, Alexander (Author) , Kostov, Veselin (Author) , Winn, Joshua N. (Author) , Jenkins, Jon M. (Author) , Collins, Karen A. (Author) , Watkins, Cristilyn N. (Author) , Radford, Don J. (Author) , Stockdale, Chris (Author) , Gan, Tianjun (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 2026 March
In: The astronomical journal
Year: 2026, Volume: 171, Issue: 3, Pages: 1-28
ISSN:1538-3881
DOI:10.3847/1538-3881/ae2312
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae2312
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Author Notes:Deyan P. Mihaylov, Jan Eberhardt, Trifon Trifonov, Rafael Brahm, Thomas Henning, Andrés Jordán, Denitza Stoeva, Matías I. Jones, Lorena Acuña-Aguirre, Stefan Stefanov, M. Tala Pinto, Melissa J. Hobson, Nestor Espinoza, Felipe I. Rojas, Martin Schlecker, Vladimir Bozhilov, Tristan Guillot, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Jack J. Lissauer, Judith Korth, Hannu Parviainen, Laura Kreidberg, Philippe Bendjoya, Olga Suarez, Carl Ziegler, Pamela Rowden, Alexander Rudat, Veselin Kostov, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Karen A. Collins, Cristilyn N. Watkins, Don J. Radford, Chris Stockdale, and Tianjun Gan
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Summary:TOI-1232 is a G dwarf star with a mass of , a radius of 1.07 ± 0.05 R⊙, and a slightly higher metallicity than solar of Fe/H = 0.18 ± 0.05. The star hosts a transiting warm Jovian-mass planet, TOI-1232 b, with an orbital period of days, identified with data from multiple sectors of the TESS space telescope. The TESS light curve of TOI-1232 is complex, as it is contaminated by a background eclipsing binary with a period of 1.37 days. TOI-1232 b was firmly confirmed by ground-based transit follow-up campaigns from the Las Cumbres, Hazelwood, Brierfield, and ASTEP observatories. Additionally, the TESS transits of TOI-1232 b exhibit strong transit-timing variations (TTVs) with a superperiod of 235.5 ± 0.7 days and a semiamplitude of 27 minutes. Radial velocity (RV) follow-up with the FEROS spectrograph confirms the planetary nature of the transiting candidate, while a self-consistent N-body analysis of RVs and TTVs pinpoints the presence of a second outer Saturn-mass companion, TOI-1232 c with a period of days. The TOI-1232 warm-giant system is particularly important due to the evidence of two massive planets that reside near the 2:1 commensurability but are not locked in a mean-motion resonance. Thanks to TESS, we have revealed a handful of these rare systems. Hence, TOI-1232 is an important addition to understanding the formation and dynamical evolution of such compact, massive, warm giant planets.
Item Description:Veröffentlicht: 20. Februar 2026
Gesehen am 16.04.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1538-3881
DOI:10.3847/1538-3881/ae2312

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