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Evaluating the efficacy and immunological impact of combined ICIs and SBRT in HCC: a narrative literature review

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading contributors to cancer-related deaths, with the majority of patients diagnosed at stages where curative treatment is no longer possible. Combining stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has gained inc...

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Main Authors: Caglayan, Lara Aylin (Author) , Blanck, Oliver (Author) , Boda-Heggemann, Judit (Author) , Brunner, Thomas (Author) , Dejonckheere, Cas Stefaan (Author) , Duda, Dan G. (Author) , Firat, Elke (Author) , Hawkins, Maria (Author) , Layer, Julian Philipp (Author) , Leitzen, Christina (Author) , Mendez Romero, Alejandra (Author) , Niedermann, Gabriele (Author) , Nour, Younèss (Author) , Röder, Falk (Author) , Sarria, Gustavo Renato (Author) , Scafa, Davide (Author) , Scorsetti, Marta (Author) , Wiegreffe, Shari (Author) , Grosu, Anca-L. (Author) , Gkika, Eleni (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: March 2026
In: Clinical and translational radiation oncology
Year: 2026, Volume: 57, Pages: 1-6
ISSN:2405-6308
DOI:10.1016/j.ctro.2026.101106
Online Access:Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2026.101106
Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405630826000017
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Author Notes:Lara Caglayan, Oliver Blanck, Judit Boda-Heggemann, Thomas Brunner, Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere, Dan G. Duda, Elke Firat, Maria Hawkins, Julian Philipp Layer, Christina Leitzen, Alejandra Mendez Romero, Gabriele Niedermann, Younèss Nour, Falk Röder, Gustavo Renato Sarria, Davide Scafa, Marta Scorsetti, Shari Wiegreffe, Anca-L. Grosu, Eleni Gkika
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading contributors to cancer-related deaths, with the majority of patients diagnosed at stages where curative treatment is no longer possible. Combining stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has gained increasing attention as a therapeutic approach. Beyond its ability to provide high local tumor control (LC), SBRT can provoke immunogenic tumor cell death, promote antigen release and presentation, and modulate the tumor microenvironment in ways that enhance systemic antitumor immunity. In this narrative review, we outline the scientific rationale for integrating SBRT with ICIs, discuss mechanistic and translational findings and summarize results from key clinical trials. The currently available data indicate a synergistic interaction, most notably reflected in improved survival and response rates. Nevertheless, variability in dose and fractionation schedules, treatment sequencing, and patient characteristics complicates interpretation. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to establish optimal protocols and identify predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection.
Item Description:Online verfügbar 11 January 2026, Version des Artikels 16 January 2026
Gesehen am 28.04.2026
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:2405-6308
DOI:10.1016/j.ctro.2026.101106

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