Connection, confluence and convergence: a protocol for reviewing policies on antimicrobial resistance and plastic pollution
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and plastic pollution are converging global crises that threaten both human health and environmental sustainability. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, few legislative and policy frameworks acknowledge the complex interplay between antibi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article (Journal) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
April 09, 2026
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| In: |
BMJ open
Year: 2026, Volume: 16, Issue: 4, Pages: 1-10 |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108062 |
| Online Access: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108062 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/16/4/e108062 
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| Author Notes: | Rupal Shah-Rohlfs, Jeniffer Landicho, Vivienne Endoma, Bianca Joyce Sornillo, Marina Treskova, Joacim Rocklöv, Shannon A. McMahon, Mark Donald C. Reñosa |
| Summary: | Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and plastic pollution are converging global crises that threaten both human health and environmental sustainability. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, few legislative and policy frameworks acknowledge the complex interplay between antibiotic misuse and environmental plastic contamination. This protocol seeks to bridge that gap by critically examining policies in Europe and the Philippines, focusing on those that target antibiotic misuse and plastic pollution in human and animal health. - Methods and analysis Document analysis will be employed to systematically review relevant legislative and policy frameworks. We will retrieve laws, regulations and policy documents from official databases, government websites and other sources using broad inclusion criteria. The extraction process and analysis will be guided by the READ (Ready, Extract, Analyse, Distill) approach which will ensure a thorough examination of how these documents address the dual challenges of AMR and plastic pollution. Particular attention will be paid to identifying policy gaps, overlaps and synergies that may affect the overall effectiveness and coherence of current governmental responses. - Ethics and dissemination This policy review has been granted exemption from ethical review by the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM-IRB No. 2024-35), Philippines. The results are expected to provide a robust evidence base to inform the development of integrated policies at the nexus of global public health and environmental sustainability. Findings will be disseminated at academic conferences and peer-reviewed publications and to key stakeholders within European, Philippine, and international organisations. - Trial registration number The detailed protocol is pre-registered and openly available on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/3tkn2/overview). |
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| Item Description: | Gesehen am 15.06.2026 |
| Physical Description: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108062 |