Meso-scale modifications in additively manufactured Zirconia: topographical design and its influence on cell-material interactions
Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of patient-specific zirconia devices with integrated surface features; however, the biological effects of meso-scale topographies remain insufficiently understood. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of defined meso-scale surface modifications o...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
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| Dokumenttyp: | Article (Journal) |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
24 April 2026
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| In: |
Bioengineering
Year: 2026, Jahrgang: 13, Heft: 5, Pages: 1-24 |
| ISSN: | 2306-5354 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/bioengineering13050498 |
| Online-Zugang: | Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13050498 Verlag, kostenfrei, Volltext: https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/13/5/498 
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| Verfasserangaben: | Sebastian Hetzler, Stefan Rues, Andreas Zenthöfer, Peter Rammelsberg, Reinald Kühle, Christopher J. Lux, Ralf Erber and Christoph J. Roser |
| Zusammenfassung: | Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of patient-specific zirconia devices with integrated surface features; however, the biological effects of meso-scale topographies remain insufficiently understood. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of defined meso-scale surface modifications on osteoblast behavior using Digital Light Processing (DLP)-fabricated 3Y tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and 5Y partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). Planar control specimens and surfaces incorporating regularly distributed columnar structures (height: 100 µm; width: 40 µm; center-to-center spacing: 80, 120, and 160 µm; Mod-80, Mod-120, Mod-160) were fabricated and characterized after sintering. Cytotoxicity was assessed by elution testing and showed cell viability >98% for all groups. Osteoblast adhesion and proliferation (hFOB 1.19) were quantified using metabolic assays. Meso-scale modifications significantly increased early cell adhesion compared to planar controls (p < 0.05), with the strongest effect observed for Mod-160. No significant differences in proliferation rates were detected between groups (p > 0.05). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by RT-qPCR (RUNX2, ALPL, COL1A1, BGLAP), revealing material- and geometry-dependent responses. On 3Y-TZP, meso-scale structures, particularly Mod-160, were associated with sustained upregulation of BGLAP, whereas 5Y-PSZ exhibited less pronounced effects. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, meso-scale surface structuring of additively manufactured zirconia enhances early osteoblast adhesion without affecting proliferation and may influence osteogenic differentiation in a material-dependent manner. |
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| Beschreibung: | Gesehen am 14.08.2026 |
| Beschreibung: | Online Resource |
| ISSN: | 2306-5354 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/bioengineering13050498 |