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Cognitive and brain development is independently influenced by socioeconomic status and polygenic scores for educational attainment

Genetic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities play a large role in educational attainment, and both have been associated with variations in brain structure and cognition. However, genetics and SES are correlated, and no prior study has assessed their neural associations independently....

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Main Authors: Judd, Nicholas (Author) , Sauce, Bruno (Author) , Wiedenhoeft, John (Author) , Tromp, Jeshua (Author) , Chaarani, Bader (Author) , Schliep, Alexander (Author) , Noort, Betteke van (Author) , Penttilä, Jani (Author) , Grimmer, Yvonne (Author) , Insensee, Corinna (Author) , Becker, Andreas (Author) , Banaschewski, Tobias (Author) , Bokde, Arun L. W. (Author) , Quinlan, Erin Burke (Author) , Desrivières, Sylvane (Author) , Flor, Herta (Author) , Grigis, Antoine (Author) , Gowland, Penny (Author) , Heinz, Andreas (Author) , Ittermann, Bernd (Author) , Martinot, Jean-Luc (Author) , Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère (Author) , Artiges, Eric (Author) , Nees, Frauke (Author) , Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos (Author) , Paus, Tomáš (Author) , Poustka, Luise (Author) , Hohmann, Sarah (Author) , Millenet, Sabina (Author) , Fröhner, Juliane (Author) , Smolka, Michael (Author) , Walter, Henrik (Author) , Whelan, Robert (Author) , Schumann, Gunter (Author) , Garavan, Hugh (Author) , Klingberg, Torkel (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: May 19, 2020
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Year: 2020, Volume: 117, Issue: 22, Pages: 12411-12418
ISSN:1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2001228117
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001228117
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://www.pnas.org/content/117/22/12411
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Author Notes:Nicholas Judd, Bruno Sauce, John Wiedenhoeft, Jeshua Tromp, Bader Chaarani, Alexander Schliep, Betteke van Noort, Jani Penttilä, Yvonne Grimmer, Corinna Insensee, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Hugh Garavan, and Torkel Klingberg
Description
Summary:Genetic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities play a large role in educational attainment, and both have been associated with variations in brain structure and cognition. However, genetics and SES are correlated, and no prior study has assessed their neural associations independently. Here we used a polygenic score for educational attainment (EduYears-PGS), as well as SES, in a longitudinal study of 551 adolescents to tease apart genetic and environmental associations with brain development and cognition. Subjects received a structural MRI scan at ages 14 and 19. At both time points, they performed three working memory (WM) tasks. SES and EduYears-PGS were correlated (r = 0.27) and had both common and independent associations with brain structure and cognition. Specifically, lower SES was related to less total cortical surface area and lower WM. EduYears-PGS was also related to total cortical surface area, but in addition had a regional association with surface area in the right parietal lobe, a region related to nonverbal cognitive functions, including mathematics, spatial cognition, and WM. SES, but not EduYears-PGS, was related to a change in total cortical surface area from age 14 to 19. This study demonstrates a regional association of EduYears-PGS and the independent prediction of SES with cognitive function and brain development. It suggests that the SES inequalities, in particular parental education, are related to global aspects of cortical development, and exert a persistent influence on brain development during adolescence.
Item Description:Gesehen am 04.11.2020
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2001228117

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