Cover Image

Phenotypic spectrum associated with CASK loss-of-function mutations

Show other versions (1)

Background Heterozygous mutations in the CASK gene in Xp11.4 have been shown to be associated with a distinct brain malformation phenotype in females, including disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia. - Methods The study characterised the CASK alteration in 20 new female patients by mole...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Moog, Ute (Author) , Kutsche, Kerstin (Author) , Kortüm, Fanny (Author) , Chilian, Bettina (Author) , Bierhals, Tatjana (Author) , Apeshiotis, Neophytos (Author) , Balg, Stefanie (Author) , Chassaing, Nicolas (Author) , Coubes, Christine (Author) , Das, Soma (Author) , Engels, Hartmut (Author) , Esch, Hilde Van (Author) , Grasshoff, Ute (Author) , Heise, Marisol (Author) , Isidor, Bertrand (Author) , Jarvis, Joanna (Author) , Koehler, Udo (Author) , Martin, Thomas (Author) , Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Barbara (Author) , Ortibus, Els (Author) , Pilz, Daniela T. (Author) , Prabhakar, Prab (Author) , Rappold, Gudrun (Author) , Rau, Isabella (Author) , Rettenberger, Günther (Author) , Schlüter, Gregor (Author) , Scott, Richard H. (Author) , Shoukier, Moonef (Author) , Wohlleber, Eva (Author) , Zirn, Birgit (Author) , Dobyns, William B. (Author) , Uyanik, Gökhan (Author)
Format: Article (Journal)
Language:English
Published: 27 September 2011
In: Journal of medical genetics
Year: 2011, Volume: 48, Issue: 11, Pages: 741-751
ISSN:1468-6244
DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100218
Online Access:Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100218
Verlag, lizenzpflichtig, Volltext: https://jmg.bmj.com/content/48/11/741
Get full text
Author Notes:Ute Moog, Kerstin Kutsche, Fanny Kortüm, Bettina Chilian, Tatjana Bierhals, Neophytos Apeshiotis, Stefanie Balg, Nicolas Chassaing, Christine Coubes, Soma Das, Hartmut Engels, Hilde Van Esch, Ute Grasshoff, Marisol Heise, Bertrand Isidor, Joanna Jarvis, Udo Koehler, Thomas Martin, Barbara Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Els Ortibus, Daniela T. Pilz, Prab Prabhakar, Gudrun Rappold, Isabella Rau, Günther Rettenberger, Gregor Schlüter, Richard H. Scott, Moonef Shoukier, Eva Wohlleber, Birgit Zirn, William B. Dobyns, Gökhan Uyanik
Description
Summary:Background Heterozygous mutations in the CASK gene in Xp11.4 have been shown to be associated with a distinct brain malformation phenotype in females, including disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia. - Methods The study characterised the CASK alteration in 20 new female patients by molecular karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, sequencing, reverse transcriptase (RT) and/or quantitative real-time PCR. Clinical and brain imaging data of a total of 25 patients were reviewed. - Results 11 submicroscopic copy number alterations, including nine deletions of ∼11 kb to 4.5 Mb and two duplications, all covering (part of) CASK, four splice, four nonsense, and one 1 bp deletion are reported. These heterozygous CASK mutations most likely lead to a null allele. Brain imaging consistently showed diffuse brainstem and cerebellar hypoplasia with a dilated fourth ventricle, but of remarkably varying degrees. Analysis of 20 patients in this study, and five previously reported patients, revealed a core clinical phenotype comprising severe developmental delay/intellectual disability, severe postnatal microcephaly, often associated with growth retardation, (axial) hypotonia with or without hypertonia of extremities, optic nerve hypoplasia, and/or other eye abnormalities. A recognisable facial phenotype emerged, including prominent and broad nasal bridge and tip, small or short nose, long philtrum, small chin, and/or large ears. - Conclusions These findings define the phenotypic spectrum associated with CASK loss-of-function mutations. The combination of developmental and brain imaging features together with mild facial dysmorphism is highly suggestive of this disorder and should prompt subsequent testing of the CASK gene.
Item Description:Gesehen am 07.09.2022
Physical Description:Online Resource
ISSN:1468-6244
DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100218

Similar Items